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Murine typhus
Murine typhus (also called endemic typhus) is a form of typhus transmitted by fleas (Xenopsylla cheopis), usually on rats. (This is in contrast to epidemic typhus, which is usually transmitted by lice.) Murine typhus is an under-recognized entity, as it is often confused with viral illnesses. Most people who are infected do not realize that they have been bitten by fleas.
==Causes==
It is caused by the bacteria ''Rickettsia typhi'', and is transmitted by the fleas that infest rats. While rat fleas are the most common vectors, cat fleas and mouse fleas are less common modes of transmission. These fleas are not affected by the infection. Human infection occurs because of flea-fecal contamination of the bites on human skin. Rats, cats, possums maintain the rickettsia colonization by providing it with a host for its entire life cycle. Rats can develop the infection, and help spread the infection to other fleas that infect them, and help multiply the number of infected fleas that can then infect humans.
Less often, endemic typhus is caused by ''Rickettsia felis'' and transmitted by fleas carried by cats or opossums.
In the United States of America, Murine typhus is found most commonly in southern California, Texas and Hawaii. In some studies, up to 13% of children were found to have serological evidence of infection.〔The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal (Impact Factor: 3.57). 07/2000; 19(6):535-8.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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